Non-proliferative retinopathy

Clinical signs


1. Tortuous veins
2. Silver-wiring of arterioles in the peripheral retina
3. Salmon patches-pink pre retinal haemorrhages
4. Black sunbursts-hyper pigmentation due to RPE hypertrophy

Proliferative retinopathy

Clinical signs


1. Stage 1: peripheral arteriolar occlusion
2. Stage 2: Peripheral arteriovenous anastamoses
3. Stage 3: New vessels from the anastomoses (“sea-fan” configuration)
4. Stage 4: Vitreous haemorrhage
5. Stage5: Fibrovascular proliferation and fractional retinal detachment

Management


1. Control underlying disease
2. Laser treatment of neovascularisation